——From Chinese Thought and Culture Terminology Dissemination Project( Website: 中华思想文化术语传播网 (chinesethought.cn) )
（一）
自铸伟辞 Create Masterpieces of Greatness and Originality
酌奇而不失其贞 Seek Novelty Without Deviating from the Proper Way
致乐以治心 Cultivate the Mind by Immersing in Music
治世之音安以乐 Music in an Era of Order Expresses Peace and Delight.
知足者富 Being Contented Means True Wealth.
知贤 Recognize Talents
正以治国 Rule the State in a Just Way
征圣立言 Base Arguments and Writings on the Classical Writings of Sages
乐和民声 Music Harmonizes the Voices of the People.
殷忧启圣 Great Hardship Fosters Great Wisdom
因势利导 Exploit Favorable Situation to Pursue the Goal
因 Inherit
易子而教 Entrust the Education of Children to Outside Teachers
义政 Proper Governance
义者宜也 Yi (Righteousness) is Proper and Suitable Action.
义兵 Army of Justice / Just War
以物观物 Observe Things Based on Their Own Features
以患为利 Turn Disadvantage into Advantage
宜民 Nurture a Sense of Contentment Among the People
玄同 Hidden Harmony
修身贵文 Improve Rhetorical Skills While Nurturing the Body and Mind
小故 Minor Cause
陷之死地而后生 Throw Oneself into Life-threatening Danger in Order to Prevail
侠 Man of Righteousness / Hero
无为者帝 Taking a Non-assertive Action Makes a Good Emperor.
无往不复 Nothing That Disappears Fails to Reappear.
文成规矩，思合符契 The Sage’s Compositions Set the Rules of Writing, and His Ideas Fit Perfectly with Objective Things.
为情而造文 / 为文而造情 Produce a Piece of Writing for Emotions / Produce Emotions for a Piece of Writing
惟人万物之灵 Of All Living Things, Humanity’s Spirit Shines Brightest.
唯乐不可以为伪 Music Allows No Expression of False Sentiment.
（二）
往复 Disappearance and Reappearance
王者以民为天 A Ruler Who Adheres to Benevolent Governance Regards the People as the Highest Authority.
万国同胞 The People of All Countries Are Brothers and Sisters.
婉转附物，怊怅切情 Use Subtlety and Metaphor to Express Sorrow and Despondency
同异 Commonality and Difference
天情 Innate Emotions
体国经野，义尚光大 Portray the Grandeur of the Capital and the Glory of the Countryside
桃李不言，下自成蹊 Peach and Plum Trees Do Not Speak, yet There Is a Path Leading to Them.
死生有命 Life and Death Are Predestined.
述而不作 Record but Not Write
书者，舒也 Writing Is a Way of Expression.
视徒如己，反己以教 Treat Students as You Would Treat Yourself, and Put Yourself in Their Shoes
圣文之雅丽 The Sages’ Writings Are both Elegant and Refined.
生 Generate
身与时舛，志共道申 Although They Were out of Tune with the Times, Their Aspirations Were Eventually Made Known.
赏罚 Rewards and Punishments
桑梓之敬 Respect and Love for Home and Elders
散郁陶，托风采 Words Can Dispel One’s Pent-up Feelings and Display One’s Elegance.
任人唯贤 Appoint People Only on Their Merits
穷达以时 Poverty and Prosperity Are Influenced by the Times.
穷达 Poverty and Prosperity
情往会悲，文来引泣 An Author Who Invests Emotionally in a Lament Can Experience Grief. A Lament Written in This Way Can Move Readers to Tears.
情采芬芳，比类寓意 Use Analogy and Metaphor to Imply Sentiment and Meaning, and Let Passion and Style Bask in Each Other’s Fragrance and Beauty
轻关易道，通商宽农 Lighten Taxes, Secure Trade Routes, Promote Commercial Business and Support Agriculture
切磋琢磨 Cutting, Polishing, Carving, and Grinding
巧言令色 Artful Words and a Pleasing Demeanor
迫生不若死 Better Death than a Forced Life
溺音 Addictive Music
谋及庶人 Consult the Public in Governance
民心无常，惟惠之怀 The People’s Hearts Know No Constant Leader; They Yearn Only for Kind-hearted Leadership.
（三）
民生在勤 Well-being Is Forged Through Hard Work.
民各有心，勿壅惟口 The People Have Their Own Thoughts; Their Voices Should Not Be Silenced.
六志 Six Emotions
流水不腐，户枢不蠹 Running Water Never Turns Foul; Moving Hinges Attract No Worms.
慷慨以任气 The Passionate Spontaneous Manifestation of the Heroic Spirit
均无贫 With Equality, There Is No Poverty.
举一反三 Infer Three Other Related Aspects from One Concept
精理为文，秀气成采 Produce Reasoning-based Writings with Graceful Literary Style
吉凶由人 The Outcome of Auspiciousness or Inauspiciousness Depends on Human Behavior.
吉凶 Auspiciousness and Inauspiciousness
嵇志清峻，阮旨遥深 Elevated Clarity, and Unfathomable Obscurity: the Poetic Voices of Ji Kang and Ruan Ji
祸福 Fortune and Misfortune
好恶 Love and Hate
贵贱 Nobility and Lowliness
观 Observation
故 Cause
攻其无备，出其不意 Attack Unexpectedly and Without Warning
繁华损枝，膏腴害骨 Too Many Flowers Disfigure the Branches; Obesity Damages the Bones.
法者天下之平 The Law Is Just for All.
法先王 Follow the Examples of Ancient Kings
法生于义 Laws Come from What Is Appropriate.
法后王 Follow the Examples of Recent Kings
多难兴邦 Adversities Reinforce a Nation’s Resilience
睹物兴情 Be Moved at the Sight of Natural Objects
独乐其志，不厌其道 One Should Fulfill His Wish Without Deviating from Benevolence and Righteousness.
洞性灵之奥区 Penetrate the Depths of the Human Mind
德音 Music Conforming to Virtue
当然 Should Be So
大乐与天地同和 Grand Music Reflects Harmony Between Heaven and Earth.
大故 Major Cause
（四）
辞约而旨丰 Simple in Diction yet Rich in Meaning
触兴致情 Draw Inspiration from External Objects
成 Grow
怊怅述情 Release of Melancholic Feelings
常识 General Knowledge
不患寡而患不均 Fear Not Scarcity, but Inequality
避实击虚 Avoid the Strong and Attack the Weak
比音而乐之 Arrange Notes into a Piece of Music
百龄影徂，千载心在 The Sage Has Passed Away, but He Will Always Be Remembered.
爱而知其恶，憎而知其善 In Love, Acknowledge Faults; in Hatred, Recognize Virtues.
醉翁之乐 The Joy of the Old Drunkard
自为 For the Sake of Self-interest
众乐 Share Joy with Other People
制天命而用之 Grasp and Utilize the Endowments of Heaven
至情 True Passion
至诚无息 The Highest Level of Sincerity Is Endless.
知言养气 Understanding True Meanings of Statements and Cultivating Uprightness
知人论世 Know Others and Discuss Their World
知人 Know Others
知己知彼，百战不殆 Know Yourself, Know Your Enemy and You Will Know No Peril.
战胜易，守胜难 It Is Easy to Win a War but Difficult to Retain the Victory.
运用之妙，存乎一心 The Skillful Use of Tactics Depends on the Thinking and Judgment of the Commander.
月晕而风，础润而雨 A Lunar Halo Forecasts Wind, and a Wet Column Base Forecasts Rain.
元气 Yuanqi / Fundamental Qi (Vital Force)
欲谋胜敌，先谋人和 To Overcome the Enemy, First Build Unity.
有形 Corporeal
有为 Action
有待 Having Something to Depend on
音情顿挫 Achieving Rhythm of Speech and Emotion and Cadence of Speech
阴阳之气 The Qi (Vital Force) of Yin and Yang
（五）
以文为词 Writing Ci Poems as Prose
以诗为词 Writing Ci Poems in a General Poetic Style
一阴一阳之谓道 The Alternation of Yin and Yang Constitutes the Way.
养兵千日，用兵一时 Maintain an Army a Thousand Days for Use at a Critical Time
燕乐 Banquet Music
学于众人，斯为圣人 Learning from Others Enables One to Become a Sage.
玄默之表 Being Quiet and Reticent
心本自乐 Joy Is Original of Man’s Heart and Mind.
效验 Verification and Validation
小令 Xiaoling (Short Lyrics / Short Songs)
象教 Image-based Teaching
现量之美 Beauty of Spontaneous Response
先胜后战 Be Sure of Winning Before Engaging in War
狭路相逢勇者胜 When Confronting the Opponent on a Narrow Path, the Boldest Will Prevail.
五律 Five-character Rhythmic Poetry
无一字无来历 No Word Is Without a Source.
无形 Incorporeal
无穷 Limitlessness / Infinity
我手写我口 I Write What I Want to Say.
文武之道，一张一弛 The Rules of King Wen and King Wu Are Like Slack and Taut Bowstrings.
文起八代之衰，道济天下之溺 The Classical Style of Writing Revived the Literary Style in Decline During the Eight Dynasties; Confucianism Lifts the People out of Their Mental Plight.
文化 Wenhua (Cultural Education)
为我 For One’s Own Sake
忘忧清乐 Forget One’s Worries and Enjoy Leisurely Tranquility
万物之理 Universal Principle
万物一体 All Things Are One.
童心 Childlike Heart
天行有常 Nature’s Ways Are Constant.
天象 Heavenly Phenomena
天下无生而贵者 No One in the World Is Born Noble.
（六）
天地之气 The Qi (Vital Force) of Heaven and Earth
天道远，人道迩 The Way of Heaven Is Far Away, While the Way of Man Is Near at Hand.
虽有智慧，不如乘势 Even If One Is Intelligent, It Is Better to Follow the Trend of the Times.
虽天子，必有尊 Even the Son of Heaven Has Something to Respect.
虽负贩，必有尊 Even Peddlers Have Something to Be Respected for
素朴 The Natural State
四声八病 Four Tones and Eight Rhythmical Errors
十二平均律 The Twelve-tone Equal Temperament
师克在和 To Be Victorious, an Army Must Be United.
善战者，立于不败之地 Those Who Excel at War Must First Protect Themselves from Defeat.
善胜兵者，先自修理 Success in War Requires Good Organization.
杀身成仁 Sacrifice Life to Preserve Virtue
仁人志士 A Person with Compassion, Integrity and Resolve
人能弘道，非道弘人 People Can Promote Dao, Rather Than Use Dao to Promote Themselves.
群而不党 Be Sociable but Never Form a Clique
气盛言宜 Virtue and Knowledge Produce Good Writing.
平水韵 Pingshui Rhyming System
贫不学俭，卑不学恭 Poor People Do Not Need to Learn Frugality, and Humble People Do Not Need to Learn Respectfulness.
宁为玉碎，不为瓦全 Rather Be a Broken Jade Vessel Than a Whole Clay Pot / Rather Die with Honor Than Live in Shame
律诗 Lüshi (Regulated Verse; Rhythmic Poetry)
隆礼 Respect for Social Norms
六气 Six Forms of Qi (Vital Force)
礼不下庶人 The Common People Are Not Bound by Ceremonial Rites.
乐谏 Welcome Admonishments
狂者胸次 An Unrestrained Mind
绝句 Jueju (Quatrain)
坚白相盈 Solidity and Whiteness Fulfill Each Other.
己欲立而立人 While Seeking to Establish Oneself, One Strives Also to Establish Others.
己（我） Self (Myself)
机趣 Verve and Appeal
（七）
光英朗练 Concise and Clear Wording Makes Writings Shine.
公论 Public Opinion
工尺谱 Gong-che Notation
父母之邦 Mother Country
梵呗 Brāhma Pāthaka (Buddhist Chant)
地道 Way of Earth
道义可尊，无择负贩 A Person Who Leads a Moral and Righteous Life Commands Respect Even If He Is a Humble Peddler.
道尽稽万物之理 Dao Encompasses the Patterns of All Things.
大一/小一 The Largest One / The Smallest One
大同异/小同异 Major Commonality and Difference / Minor Commonality and Difference
大人 Man of Virtue
词别是一家 Ci Poems Have a Distinctive Style.
沉郁顿挫 Pensiveness and Cadence
沉潜讽诵 Focused Study Through Reading and Recitation
常快活便是功夫 To Stay Constantly Joyful Is a True Attainment.
兵之所以强者，民也 The Military Is Strong Because It Enjoys Popular Support.
兵之胜败，本在于政 Victory or Defeat in War Is Dictated by State Policy.
兵贵神速 Speed Is Key in Warfare.
辩 Debate
哀兵必胜 An Endangered Army Filled with Indignation Will Be Victorious.
自治 Self-discipline / Self-control
自知 Know One’s Self / Self-knowledge
自信 Believe in One’s Self
自胜 Overcome Oneself
治病救人 Treat the Illness and Save the Patient
制礼作乐 Establish Rites and Compose Music
指事造形，穷情写物 Establish Relations Among Things, Create Images, Fully Explore Feelings and Aptly Depict External Things
直致 Direct Expression
知易行难 To Know Is Easy; To Act Is Hard.
知言 Discerning Statements
（八）
知天 Understanding Heaven
知难行易 To Act Is Easy; To Know Is Hard
政象乐，乐从和 Both Governance and Music Playing Pursue Harmony
藻辞谲喻 Richly Nuanced Wording and Intricate Figurative Meaning
元首 Head of State
舆论 Public Opinion
有心之器 Objects of Intelligence and Sentiment
友善 Friendly and Kind
庸音杂体 Banal Content and Jumbled Forms
意静神王 A Tranquil Mind Is a Source of Inspiration
以文为戏 Playful Writing
彝伦 Yilun / Constant Relations
言与志反，文岂足征 Writing That Runs Counter to Its Author’s Aspirations Is Worthless
言 Language
县解 Freeing the Mind from Bias
虚怀若谷 An Open Mind as Broad as a Mountain Valley
形神 Form and Spirit
心生而言立 Words Flow Forth from the Heart.
衔华佩实 Harmony Between Substance and Style
下学上达 Study Concrete Things and Reach to a Higher-level Understanding
无欲 Having No Excessive Desire
无待 Depend on Nothing
文不灭质，博不溺心 Graceful Wording Should Not Conceal Content, and Intricate Rhetoric Should Not Drown Out the Author’s Feelings and Thoughts
未雨绸缪 Get Prepared for a Rainy Day
伪 Human Modification; Artifice
忘适之适 Effortless Ease
王者之迹熄而《诗》亡 The Book of Songs Died with the Decline of the Kingly Way.
王道无近功 The Righteous Way Seeks No Immediate Gains.
统类 Universal Principles
天志 The Will of Heaven
（九）
天职 The Work of Heaven
天下一家 All Under Heaven Are of One Family
腾声飞实 Fame and Accomplishment Survive Through Writing
疏野 Unrestrained and Ingenuous Spirit
舒文载实 Use Fine Wording to Voice Feelings and Aspirations
饰羽尚画 Inappropriate Embellishment of Writing
事出于沈思，义归乎翰藻 Recording History in an In-depth Way and Presenting It in Eloquent Writing
食必常饱，然后求美 Attention to Refined Taste Comes Only After the Stomach Is Sated.
圣王 Sage King
善战者致人而不致于人 A Person Skilled at Warfare Controls His Opponents and Is Not Controlled by Them.
善战者求之于势 A Person Skilled at Warfare Seeks Victory Through Strategic Positioning.
善胜者不争 Win a War Without Fighting
荣辱 Honor and Disgrace
人文之元 The Origin of Human Culture
群 Group
亲仁善邻 To Be Benevolent and Friendly Towards Neighboring Countries
气往轹古 A Piece of Writing with Appeal Surpasses That of Ancient Writers.
气节 Moral Integrity
七情六欲 Seven Emotions and Six Desires
朋友 Friends
内省 Introspection
民生 Livelihood of the People
妙造自然 Perfect Naturalness
类族辨物 Discerning Things Through Classification
类 Category
拘挛补衲 Florid Prose and Stilted Writing
敬 Respect
精骛八极，心游万仞 Roaming Remote Realms and Soaring to Great Heights
经典 Classics
金相玉质 The Look of Gold and the Texture of Jade
（十）
节用 Economy
教学为先 Education Must Be Placed First.
将在外，君命有所不受 A General Out in the Battlefield Can Choose Not to Obey the King’s Order.
江山之助 Inspiration from Mountains and Rivers
践形 Cultivate One’s Innate Quality to Be Revealed in One’s Appearance
假象见意 Use Imagery to Express Meaning
后生可畏 Young People Should Be Highly Regarded.
和而不流 Living in Harmony with Others Without Losing Moral Ground
国无义，虽大必亡 A Powerful Country Without Righteousness Is Doomed to Fall.
躬行 Practice in Person
凤凰 Phoenix
非乐 Oppose and Ban Music
繁采寡情，味之必厌 Excessive Adornment and Lack of True Feeling Make One’s Writing Dull.
雕琢情性，组织辞令 Ennoble One’s Sentiment to Produce Fine Writing
德惟善政 The Virtue of Those Exercising Power Is Reflected in Good Governance
德操 Moral Integrity
道枢 Pivot of Dao
道器 Dao and Objects
道不欲杂 The Fundamental Principle Should Not Be a Mixture of Ideas.
大衍 The Fundamental Calculation
大清明 Great Clarity and Brightness
崇德 Moral Elevation
充实之谓美 Moral Fulfillment Is Beauty Itself.
成心 Biased Mind
不争 Not Engaging in Contention
不诚无物 Without Sincerity, Nothing Is Possible.
比显兴隐 Make Analogy Explicit and Association Implicit
悲悯 Mercy and Compassion
安民 Give Peace and Comfort to the People
哀乐中节 Express Grief and Joy in Accordance with the Rules of Propriety
（十一）
劝百风一 Much Blandishment and Little Criticism
意不称物，文不逮意 Ideas Cannot Match Actual Things and Words Cannot Fully Express Ideas.
圆融 Consummate Interfusion
念佛 Buddhānusmṛti / Recollection of the Buddha
一阐提 Icchantika
不二 Advaya / Non-duality
二谛 Satyadvaya / Two Truths
如来藏 Tathāgatagarbha / Womb of the Tathāgata
识 Vijñāna / Consciousness
实相 Bhūtatathatā / True Suchness
法身 Dharmakāya / Body of Dharma
絜矩之道 Principle for the Application of Rules and Norms
耻 Shame
形名 Form and Name
兑 Dui (Marsh)
艮 Gen (Mountain)
隐士 Hermit / Recluse
分 Natural Attribute
人伦 Human Relations
人心 Human Heart / Human Ddesires
道心 Moral Mind / Moral Consciousness
德性 Virtuous Nature / Morals as Human Nature
心术 The Art of the Mind
公私 Public and Private
立中制节 Determine the Proper Way for Expressing Human Feelings
称情立文 Establish Moral Standards in Keeping with Human Feelings
乡饮酒礼 Banquet for Community Leaders and Rural Elders
射礼 Rites of Archery
聘礼 Pinli (Diplomatic Etiquette and Protocol)
绝地天通 Keep Earthly and Heavenly Affairs Separate
（十二）
和实生物 Harmony Begets New Things.
和 Harmony
物极必反 When Reaching an Extreme, Things Are Bound to Revert to Their Opposites.
反 Reversal to the Opposite
言之无文，行而不远 Lackluster Wording Never Travels Far.
至乐无乐 Utmost Happiness Lies in Not Aware of the Happiness.
声无哀乐 There Is No Such Thing as Joyful or Sad Music
洗炼 Make Writing Succinct
情以物迁，辞以情发 Feeling Varies with Scenery and Verbal Expression Arises from Feeling.
赤子之心 Utter Innocence
但见性情，不睹文字 To Impress Readers with True Feelings Oblivious of Its Wording
高古 Unadorned Antiquity
冲淡 Quiet Elegance
劲健 Strength and Vigor
仁者乐山，智者乐水 The Virtuous Love Mountains and the Wise Love Waters.
隔/不隔 Disharmony / Harmony
金文 Bronze Script
甲骨文 Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells
竟陵派 The Jingling School of Literary Writing
独抒性灵，不拘格套 Bold Expression of One’s True Self
诗家三昧 The Key to Poetic Creation
主文而谲谏 Admonition Through Tactful Wording
元和体 The Yuanhe Style of Poetry
江西诗派 The Jiangxi School of Poetry
因革 Inheritance and Innovation
瘦硬 Thin and Strong
浓淡 Denseness and Lightness
巧拙 Cleverness and Clumsiness
隐显 Concealment and Revelation
方圆 Squareness and Roundness
（十三）
疏密 Sparsity and Density
词话 Criticism on Ci Poetry / Cihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
诗话 Criticism on Poetry / Shihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
人怨伤国 People’s Grievances Harm the Country.
爱人深者求贤急 Those Who Most Love the People Will Eagerly Seek Talent.
因材施教 Audience-based Education
鸟尽弓藏 When the Birds Are Gone, the Bow Is Stored.
善败者不亡 Those Adept at Coping with Defeat Cannot Be Destroyed.
兵贵胜，不贵久 In War, Seek Quick Victory, Not Prolongation.
医者仁心 The Caring Heart of a Physician
悬壶济世 Hanging a Gourd (Practicing Medicine) to Help the World
上医医国 Great Healers Heal the Country.
上工治未病 Great Physicians Treat Before the Outbreak of an Illness.
苍生大医 A Master Physician to All the People
人命关天 Life Is as Important as Heaven.
好生 Cherish Life
投桃报李 Return Kindness with Kindness / Return Goodwill in Kind
良医不能救无命 Even a Good Doctor Cannot Save a Doomed Patient.
有病不治，常得中医 Self-treating an Illness Can Usually Get a Good Result.
兼听 Listen to Both Sides
君子谋道不谋食 A Man of Virtue Seeks Dao, Not Livelihood.
道不同，不相为谋 Part Ways and Part Company
民勇者战胜 A Country with Brave People Can Win the Victory.
夫战，勇气也 Fighting Takes Courage.
千里之堤，溃于蚁穴 A Dam of a Thousand Miles Can Collapse Due to an Ant Hole.
言者无罪，闻者足戒 Those Who Speak Shouldn’t Be Punished While Those Who Listen Should Take Warning.
善为国者不欺其民 A Good Ruler Does Not Cheat the People.
慎终如始 Be as Discreet at the End as at the Beginning; Remain Discreet Throughout the Whole Process
见微知著 Learning About What Is Forthcoming by Observing Tiny Clues
防微杜渐 Take Precautions Early
（十四）
尊生 Respect Life
杏林 Apricot Trees / Venerable Doctors with Good Skills
同胞 Brothers and Sisters of the Same Parents; Compatriots
身教 Teach by Example
乐生 To Delight in Life
爱类 Loving One’s Own Kind
判教 Classification of Teachings
佛性 Buddhadhātu / Buddha-nature
净土 Sukhāvatīvyūha / Pure Land
涅槃 Nirvana
菩提 Bodhi
烦恼 Kleśa / Affliction
不真空 Emptiness as Non-substantiality
本无 Benwu（Original Non-being）
假名 Prajñapti /Designation
三界 Traidhātuka / Three Realms of Existence
无常 Anitya / Impermanent
色 Rūpa / Matter
允执厥中 Hold Fast the Golden Mean
宗教 Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect
五伦 The Five Bonds
谥号 Posthumous Title
宗庙 Ancestral Temple
小康 Modest Prosperity
虚己以游世 Free One’s Mind to Enjoy the World
游 Unattached
恍惚 Intangible Existence
诸子学 Study of A Hundred Schools of Thought
诸子百家 A Hundred Schools of Thought
经学 Classics Scholarship
（十五）
易简 Ease and Simplicity
贤人 Person of Integrity
圣人 Sage
常 Constant Laws of Nature
则 Rules
卦爻辞 Hexagram Texts
观象 Observing Images
有我之境，无我之境 Scene Involving the Self；Scene Not Involving the Self
文以意为主 The Message Matters More Than the Rhetoric.
情教 Moral Instruction Carried Out with Emotion
情兼雅怨 A Mixed Quality of Grace and Sorrow
情发于声 Feelings Find Expression in Musical Poetry.
陈言务去 The Necessity of Eliminating Banal Expression
陈诗展义 Write Poetry to Express Feeling and Aspiration
讽咏 Chanting with Feeling
丰腴 Plump Beauty
发纤秾于简古，寄至味于淡泊 Intricacy Within Plainness, and Intensity Beneath Quietude
离 Li (The Fire Symbol)
坎 Kan (The Water Symbol)
时中 Follow the Golden Mean
慈 Kindness
俭 Thriftiness
为仁由己 Readily Practice Benevolence and Virtue
慎终追远 Mourn the Deceased and Memorialize Those Long Gone
祭礼 Sacrificial Ceremony
丧礼 Mourning Rites
尊师重道 Honor Teachers and Respect Rules
勇于不敢 Courage Lies in Not Venturing into Action.
为学日益，为道日损 Pursue Knowledge by Adding; Pursue Dao by Subtracting
福祸相倚 Fortune and Misfortune Are Intertwined.
（十六）
大国者下流 A Great State Should Assume a Low Posture.
大医精诚 A Master Physician Must Have Superb Skill and Sincerity.
兵形象水 Troop Should Charge Forward Like the Flow of Water.
爱国如家 Love the Country as One Loves One’s Family
赏善罚恶 Reward Good and Punish Evil
平等 Equality
信以传信，疑以传疑 Pass Down both What Is Credible and What Is Unverifiable
工欲善其事，必先利其器 A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job.
视人如己 Treat Others the Way You Treat Yourself
和谐 Harmony
哀吊 Essay of Mourning and Essay of Memory
诔碑 Eulogy or Inscription Carved on a Stela
铭箴 Epigraph and Maxim
祝盟 Benediction and Vow of Allegiance
颂赞 Extolment and Commendation
封禅 Sacrificial Ceremony / An Ode to Sacrificial Ceremony
檄移 Condemnation and Admonition
诏策 Imperial Edicts
论说 Writings of Argument and Persuasion
议对 Commentary and Proposal
奏启 Memorial or Statement to Present One’s View to the Emperor
章表 Memorial of Gratitude or Petition
章句 Textual Components / Annotation Work
声律 Tonal and Rhythmical Patterns
物色 Physical Features
程器 Assessment of One’s Overall Qualities
程门立雪 Standing in Snow at the Gate of the Cheng Home
庙号 Temple Titles of Emperors
郡县 Prefectures and Counties
皇帝 Emperor
（十七）
读万卷书，行万里路 Read Ten Thousand Books and Travel Ten Thousand Li
法者，所以禁暴而率善人也 Law Is for Stopping Violence and Encouraging Good Behavior
兵者，所以禁暴除害也 War Is Fought to Stop Violence and Eliminate Evil.
仁者自爱 A Benevolent Person Cherishes Himself.
君子不器 A Gentleman Is Not an Implement.
见义勇为 Act Bravely for a Just Cause
年号 Reign Title
伦理 Ethics
霸道 Despotic Governance
发乎情，止乎礼义 Start with Feelings and Control with Propriety
咫尺有万里之势 Power of Landscape Within Inches
痴 Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity
纯素 Pure and Unadorned
丑 Ugliness/ Chou (Role of Clown in a Traditional Chinese Opera)
澄怀味像 Clear the Mind to Savor the Image
不黏不脱，不即不离 Neither Obsessed with nor Detached from the Objects Depicted
不涉理路，不落言筌 Dispense with Theory and Logic, Take Care Not to Fall into Traps of Language.
不似之似 Dissimilar in Form but Similar in Spirit
哀景写乐 Depict Sorrowful Scenery to Express Happiness
书道 The Way of Calligraphy
诗穷而后工 A Good Poem Is the Product of Pent-up Emotions.
不平则鸣 Cry Out Against Injustice
思无邪 No Depraved Thoughts
以意逆志 Interpreting a Writing from One’s Own Perspective
辞尚体要 Succinctness Is Valued in Writing.
拟物立象 Create Images Through Object Imitation
说话 Tale Telling
雄浑 Powerfulness
风神 Vim and Vigor
化境 Sublimity in Art
（十八）
韵 Rhyme / Charm
兴 Evocation
结构 Structure
审虚实 Balance Fiction and Reality
诗无达诂 Poetry Defies Fixed Interpretation
思与境偕 Blend Sentiment with Scenery
立主脑 Focus on What Is Central to a Drama
宋杂剧 Poetic Drama of the Song Dynasty
随物赋形 Writing That Flows like Water
同光体 The Tong-Guang School of Poetry
桐城派 The Tongcheng School of Writing
脱窠臼 Avoid Stereotypes
外师造化，中得心源 Draw Artistic Inspiration from Both Within and Without
诗界革命 The Revolution in the Circle of Poets
文界革命 The Revolution in the Literati Circle
大篆 Greater Seal Script / Big Seal Script
虫书 Insect Script
草书 Cursive Script
楷书 Regular Script
隶书 Clerical Script / Official Script
南北书派 The Northern and Southern Schools of Calligraphy
书契 Documents on Bamboo or Wooden Slips
书圣 The Sage of Calligraphy
能自得师者王 Eagerness to Learn Enables One to Excel Oneself.
韬光养晦 Keep a Low Profile
智圆行方 Be Wise in Thinking and Act Properly
赏信罚必 Confer Honors and Mete Out Punishment to Those Who Deserve Them
穷理尽性 Explore the Nature of All Things
兵以义动 Fighting for a Righteous Cause
义以生利，利以丰民 Justice Brings Wealth, and Wealth Enriches People.
（十九）
睦内图外 Unity Within and Expansion Without
众志成城 Unity Is Strength.
量出制入 Spend-and-Tax / Expenditure Should Be Carefully Calculated Before Making a Plan to Gather Revenue.
正义 Correct Meaning / Justice
欲强兵者，务富其民 A Strong Army Depends on a Prosperous Populace.
以武为植，以文为种 Military Action Is like Planting; Good Rule Is like the Seed.
防民之口，甚于防川 To Silence the People Is More Harmful than Blocking a River.
兵者凶器,争者逆德 Weapons Kill; War Is Immoral.
兴利除害 Promote the Beneficial; Eliminate the Harmful
以义制事 Handle Matters According to Morality and Justice
事势之流，相激使然 The Flow of Events Is Caused by Interactions.
平准 Maintain Prices at an Appropriate Level
理财正辞 Manage Wealth Properly and Speak Correctly
水至清则无鱼 No Fish Survive If Water Is Too Clear.
王者富民 A Ruler Should Enrich People.
君者善群 A Ruler Should Keep People Together.
不愤不启，不悱不发 Instruct Only Who Is Anxious to Learn; Teach Only Who Wants to Express Himself but Does Not Know How.
二人同心，其利断金 If Two People Are of the Same Mind, Their Combined Strength Can Break Metal.
言有物，行有恒 Talk Substance; Act with Perseverance
满招损，谦受益 Complacency Leads to Failure; Modesty to Success.
与时消息 Things Grow or Wither with Time.
制国有常，利民为本 Governance Should Deliver Benefits to the People.
五德终始 The Cycle of Five Elements
蒙以养正 Enlighten the Ignorant and Make Them Follow the Right Path
敬业乐群 Work Diligently and Keep Good Company with Others
安时处顺 Face Reality Calmly
师法之化 Enlightenment Through Education
道问学 Quest for Knowledge
尊德性 Revere One’s Virtuous Nature
率性 Acting in Accordance with Human Nature
（二十）
静因之道 Governance by Being Aloof
势 Situation / Trend
巽 Xun (Wind)
震 Zhen（Vibration）
二柄 Two Handles
抱法处势 Upholding Law by Means of Power
庄周梦蝶 Zhuangzi Dreaming of Becoming a Butterfly
缘督以为经 Following the Du Meridian as the Law
制民之产 Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
仁政 Benevolent Governance
婚礼 Wedding Ceremony
冠礼 Cap Wearing Ceremony
前识 Foreknowledge / Prophecy
说知 Knowledge from Explanation
闻知 Knowledge from Hearsay
亲知 Knowledge from Personal Experience
私名 Private Name
类名 Classified Name
达名 Unrestricted Name
利 Interests / Gain
消息 Wax and Wane
格义 Matching Meanings
方便 Upāya / Expediency
中道 The Middle Way
空 Śūnyatā / Emptiness
苦 Duhkha / Suffering
业 Karma
无我 Anātman / Egolessness
轮回 Samsāra / Rebirth / Reincarnation
比而不党 Be Close but Not Cliquish
（二十一）
尊碑贬帖 Praising Stone Inscriptions while Belittling Copying from Stone Rubbings
骨/肉 Bones and Flesh / Literary Framework and Nuanced Expressions
转益多师 Learn from Many Masters, and Form Your Own Style
诸宫调 Song-speech Drama
正声 Proper Music / Finest Poetry
院本 Jin Opera / Scripts Used by Courtesans
元杂剧 Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty
优人 Entertainers
音 Musical Sounds
义法 Yi Fa / Guidelines for Writing Good Prose
以形写神 Capture the Spirit Beyond Form
以形媚道 Natural Shapes Adapting to Dao
一画 All Forms of Painting as Multiplied from a Single Stroke / Oneness in Painting
扬州八怪 The Magical Eight Painters of Yangzhou
小篆 Lesser Seal Script / Small Seal Script
小收煞 Midpoint Conclusion
戏文 Southern Opera / Operatic Script
五音 The Five Notes
吴带当风 The Sashes in Wu’s Painting Flutter as if in the Wind.
卧游 Enjoy Sceneries Without Physically Travelling
文人画 Literati Painting
水墨画 Ink Wash Painting
书者，散也 Calligraphy Expresses Inner Conditions.
识书之道 The Way to Recognize Good Calligraphy
丽 Enthralling Charm
行书 Running Script
大收煞 The Grand Finale
传奇 Chuanqi (Legendary Story / Legendary Play)
常州词派 The Changzhou School of Commentary on Ci Poetry
欲 Desire
（二十二）
性无善无恶 Human Nature Is Neither Good nor Evil.
性善恶混 Human Nature Is A Mixture of Good and Evil.
性三品 Human Nature Has Three Levels.
小节 Minor Principles
象数 Emblems and Numbers
习 Practice
五行相胜 The Five Elements Triumph over Each Other.
五行相生 The Five Elements, Each in Turn Producing the Next
无用之用 The Advantage of Appearing Useless
文质 Form and Content
为己之学 Learning for Self-improvement
天文 The Laws of Constellations and Seasons/Astronomy
天人感应 Nature and Humans Respond to Each Other.
天命靡常 Heaven-bestowed Supreme Power Is Not Eternal.
素位而行 Do What Is Proper for Your Situation
世异事异 When Times Change, So Do Social Conditions.
人副天数 Humanity Should Be Aligned with Nature.
木讷 Simple and Sparing of Words
力 Strength/Capability
孔颜之乐 The Happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui
洪范 The Grand Rules
寡欲 Restraining Desires
共名 General Name
刚毅 Firm and Resolute
风化 Influence of Moral Cultivation
地理 The Laws Determining the Physical Features of the Land/Geography
大一统 Great Unity
大节 Major Principles
才 Talent/Capability/ Attribute
别名 Distinct Name
（二十三）
保民 Protect the People
白马非马 A White Horse Is Not a Horse
以国为国，以天下为天下 Rule a State or a Country with Different Methods
君子义以为质 Righteousness Is Essential for a Person of Virtue.
国以义为利 A State Should Regard Righteousness as a Benefit.
韦编三绝 Leather Thongs Binding Wooden Strips Break Three Times
公公私私 Public Property Belonging to the Public, Private Property to Individuals
野无遗贤 No Sagacious Person Ignored
政通人和 Good Governance and Harmonious People
国泰民安 Stable Country and Peaceful People
人 Human Being; Humanity
叶落归根 Leaves Fall Returning to the Roots.
改邑不改井 You Can Change a Town, But You Cannot Change the Wells.
国无怨民曰强国 A Country with No Resentful People Is Called a Strong Country.
民无信不立 Without People’s Trust the State Will Not Survive.
天下乃天下之天下 All Under Heaven Belongs to the People.
患在土崩，不在瓦解 Calamity Is Collapse Like a Landslide, Not a Few Roof-tiles Coming Loose.
法者天子所与天下公共也 The Law Must Be Respected Equally by the Son of Heaven and All the People.
法者所以爱民也 Law Is a Means of Loving the People.
以刑去刑 Abolishing Punishment with Punishment
刑期于无刑 The Purpose of Punishment Is to Eliminate Punishment.
战法必本于政胜 Methods of Warfare Must Be Based on the Success of Politics.
修己安人 Cultivate Oneself to Benefit Others
顺无不行，果无不彻 When What You Say Is Justified, There Is Nothing You Cannot Accomplish. When You Act Decisively, You Will Succeed
教学相长 Teaching and Learning Promote Each Other.
君子之交 Relations Between Men of Virtue
兄弟阋于墙，外御其侮 Brothers Quarrel within the Walls of the Home; Outside They Resist Bullying by Others.
保民而王 Protect the People and then Rule as a King
仁者无敌 The Benevolent Person Is Invincible.
大信不约 The Greatest Trust Is Not Found in Pledges.
（二十四）
兵强而无义者残 A Strong Army Without Righteousness Is Destructive.
苟利国家，不求富贵 Seek to Benefit the Country Rather than Personal Wealth and Position
举贤容众 Recommend People of Virtue and Be Magnanimous Toward the Masses
不忘百姓之病 Never Forget the Suffering of the People
上下同欲者胜 Triumph Comes When Leaders and Followers Share the Same Goal.
爱民者强 Power Comes from Caring for the People.
知常达变 Master Both Permanence and Change
凿壁借光 Borrow Light from a Next Door Neighbor
愚公移山 The Foolish Old Man Who Moved the Mountains
饮水思源 When Drinking Water, One Must Not Forget Its Source
言必信，行必果 Promises Must Be Kept; Actions Must Be Resolute
悬梁刺股 Tie One’s Hair on the House Beam and Jab One’s Side with an Awl to Keep Oneself from Falling Asleep while Studying
修辞立诚 Establish Credibility Through Careful Choice of Words
休养生息 Recover from a Social Upheaval and Restore Production / Develop Economy and Increase Population
心同理同 People of Similar Natures and Emotions Will Have Similar Understanding
徙木立信 Establish One’s Credibility by Rewarding People for Moving a Log
推己及人 Put Oneself in Another’s Place
他山之石，可以攻玉 Use Stones from Another Mountain to Polish One’s Jade
岁寒三友 Three Friends of Winter / Steadfast, Loyal Friends
世外桃源 Land of Peach Blossoms / Land of Idyllic Beauty
史 History
十年树木，百年树人 It Takes Ten Years to Grow Trees and a Hundred Years to Nurture Talents
生肖 The Chinese Zodiac / Animal of the Year
求同存异 Seek Common Ground While Setting Aside Differences
清明 The Qingming Festival
千里之行，始于足下 A Journey of a Thousand Li Begins with the First Step
年 Lunar Year/ Year
靡不有初，鲜克有终 All Things Have a Beginning, but Few Can Reach the End.
苛政猛于虎 Tyranny Is Fiercer Than a Tiger
君子固穷 A Man of Virtue Maintains His Ideals even in Frustrations
（二十五）
尽忠报国 Be as Loyal as One Can Be and Serve One’s Own Country
节气 The Twenty-four Solar Terms
讲信修睦 Keep Good Faith and Pursuing Harmony
集思广益 Pool Wisdom of the People
厚积薄发 Build Up Fully and Release Sparingly
法与时变，礼与俗化 Laws Change Along with Evolving Times; Rites Shift Along with Changing Customs
春节 Spring Festival
藏富于民 Keep Wealth with the People
兵强则灭 Relying on Force and Flaunting One’s Superiority Leads to Destruction
爱人为大 Caring for Others is the Top Priority.
六艺 The Six Arts
庙算 Court Calculation
萧散简远 Natural, Leisurely, Simple yet Profound
丰肉微骨 Fleshy Body and Soft Bone Structure
大学 Daxue (Great Learning)
坐忘 Forget the Difference and Opposition Between Self and the Universe
自由 Acting Freely / Freedom
自生 Spontaneous Generation
中和 Balanced Harmony
治世之音 Music of an Age of Good Order
治内裁外 Handling Internal Affairs Takes Precedence over External Affairs.
正始体 The Zhengshi Literary Style
政贵有恒 Stability Is the Key to Governance.
乐 Yue (Music)
约定俗成 Established Through Popular Usage / Accepted Through Common Practice
怨刺 Resentment and Sting
元亨利贞 Yuanheng Lizhen
咏史诗 Poetry on History
永明体 The Yongming Poetic Style
隐逸诗 Recluse Poetry
（二十六）
以战止战 Use War to Stop War
移风易俗 Change Social Practices and Customs
选体 Xuanti Poetry / Poetry in Prince Zhaoming’s Favorite Style
玄言诗 Metaphysical Poetry
性善 Human Nature Is Good
性恶 Human Nature Is Evil.
行己有耻 Conduct Oneself with a Sense of Shame
心斋 Pure State of the Mind
孝 Filial Piety
乡愿 Hypocrite
西昆体 The Xikun Poetic Style
物化 Transformation of Things
无为而治 Rule Through Non-action
亡国之音 Music of a Failing State
婉约派 The Wanyue School / The Graceful and Restrained School
田园诗 Idyllic Poetry
天下为公 The World Belongs to All.
天时地利人和 Opportune Time, Geographic Advantage, and Unity of the People
天经地义 Natural Rules and Orderliness
悌 Fraternal Duty
太康体 The Taikang Literary Style
四象 Four Images
恃德者昌，恃力者亡 Those Who Rely on Virtue Will Thrive; Those Who Rely on Force Will Perish.
盛唐之音 Poetry of the Prime Tang Dynasty
生生 Perpetual Growth and Change
尚贤 Exalt the Worthy
尚同 Conform Upwardly
山水诗 Landscape Poetry
三不朽 Set Moral Examples, Perform Great Deeds, and Spread Noble Ideas
仁民爱物 Have Love for the People, and Cherish All Things
（二十七）
清词丽句 Refreshing Words and Exquisite Expressions
民主 Lord of the People / Democracy
民以食为天 Food Is of Primary Importance to the People.
民心惟本 The People’s Will Is the Foundation of the State
民心 Will of the People
乱世之音 Music of an Age of Disorder
龙 Dragon
两仪 Two Modes
理趣 Philosophical Substance Through Artistic Appeal
狂狷 Proactive Versus Prudent
枯淡 Dry Plainness
克己复礼 Restrain Yourself and Follow Social Norms
精气 Vital Energy
解蔽 Clear the Mind of Enigmas
建安风骨 The Jian’an Literary Style
己所不欲，勿施于人 Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want Others to Do to You.
几 Ji / Omen
惠民 Benefit the People
黄河 The Yellow River
荒寒 Grim and Desolate
和为贵 Harmony Is Most Precious.
好战必亡，忘战必危 Those Who Like to Go to War Will Perish; Those Who Forget War Will Be in Danger.
豪放派 The Haofang School / The Bold and Unconstrained School
汉乐府 Yuefu Poetry
涵泳 Be Totally Absorbed (in Reading and Learning)
含蓄 Subtle Suggestion
古文运动 Classical Prose Movement
公正 Fair / Just
宫调 Gongdiao (Musical Modes)
格 Examine / Study
（二十八）
非命 Rejection of Fatalism
泛爱 Broad Love Extending to All
反者道之动 The Only Motion Is Returning.
法 Law/ Dharma
点铁成金 Turning a Crude Poem or Essay into a Literary Gem
得人者兴，失人者崩 He Who Obtains the Support of the People Will Rise; He Who Loses the Support of the People Will Come to Ruin.
当仁不让 When Facing an Opportunity to Exercise Benevolence, Do Not Yield.
大丈夫 Great Man
春秋笔法 The Style of The Spring and Autumn Annals
崇本息末 Revere the Fundamental and Dismiss the Specific
崇本举末 Revere the Fundamental and Keep the Specific Unchanged
成人 Complete Man
畅神 Free Flow of One’s Mind
长城 The Great Wall
仓廪实而知礼节 When the Granaries Are Full, the People Follow Appropriate Rules of Conduct.
参验 Cross-checking and Verification
不战在我 Do not Engage the Enemy If Victory Is Not Guaranteed.
不战而胜 Win Without Resorting to War
博爱 Extensive Love to Benefit All People
标举兴会 Distinctiveness and Spontaneity
边塞诗 Frontier Poetry
百戏 Baixi (All Performing Arts)
安居乐业 Live in Peace and Work in Contentment
爱人以德 Love the People in Accordance with Rules of Moral Conduct
爱民 Love the People
八音克谐 Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds
歌行体 Poetic Song
写气图貌 Depict Outward Features to Convey an Innate Liveliness
公安派 The Gong’an School of Literary Writing
屈宋 The Qu-Song Duo
（二十九）
审音知政 Assessing Governance By Listening to Music
迁想妙得 Inspirational Creation Based on Association in Thinking
气韵 Artistic Appeal
品题 Make Appraisals
拟容取心 Comparing Appearances to Grasp the Essence
南戏 Southern Opera
北曲 Northern Opera
目击道存 Seeing the Way with One’s Own Eyes
六观 Six Criteria
时序 Change Along with Times
丽辞 Ornate parallel style
离形得似 Transcend the Outer Form to Capture the Essence
乐教 Music Education
夸饰 Exaggeration and Embellishment
苦吟 Painstaking Versification
绘事后素 The White Silk First, the Painting Afterwards / Beauty from Natural Simplicity
绘画六法 Six Rules of Painting
幻中有真 Truth in Imagination
和出于适 Harmony Comes from Appropriateness
感物 Sensed Externalities
郑声 The Music of the State of Zheng
夺胎换骨 Express the Ideas in Earlier Literary Works in a New Way
传神写照 Convey the Spirit and Capture the Person
成竹于胸 Have a Complete Image of the Bamboo Before Drawing It / Have a Fully Formed Picture in the Mind’ Eye
信 Good Faith
智 Intelligence
上兵伐谋 The Best Strategy in Warfare is to Foil the Enemy’s Strategy
与时偕行 Go with the Times
时 Time / Timing
穷则变，变则通，通则久 Extreme –Change –Continuity
（三十）
修德振兵 Cultivate Virtue and Strengthen the Army
奇正 Qi or Zheng / Surprise or Normal
矛盾 Paradox of the Spear and the Shield / Contradiction
离坚白 Separate Hardness from Whiteness
合同异 Unify Similarity and Difference
不言之教 Influence Others Without Preaching
光而不耀 Bright but Not Dazzling
见素抱朴 Maintain Originality and Embrace Simplicity
玄德 Inconspicuous Virtue
明德 Illustrious Virtue
积善成德 Moral Character Can Be Built by Accumulating Goodness.
明分使群 Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration
心悦诚服 Be Completely Convinced and Follow Willingly
推恩 Extend Benevolence and Love
舍生取义 Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
亲亲 Affection for One’s Kin
一言兴邦 A Single Remark Makes a Country Prosper
博施济众 Deliver Extensive Benefits to the People and Relieve the Suffering of the Poor
一以贯之 Observe a Fundamental Principle Throughout One’s Pursuit
三省吾身 Reflect on Oneself Severel Times a Day
安贫乐道 Be Content with a Simple but Virtuous Life
临渊履薄 Be Discreet as if Standing on Cliff Edge or Treading on Thin Ice
勇 Courage
化性起伪 Transform Intrinsic Evil Nature to Develop Acquired Nature of Goodness
反求诸己 Introspection
形具神生 Physical Form Gives Birth to Spirit
性分 Natural Attributes
天籁 Sounds of Nature
乐天知命 Rejoice in Complying with Heaven and Know Its Mandate
经/权 Constant and Temporary
（三十一）
忠 Loyalty
治大国若烹小鲜 Governing a Big Country Is Like Cooking Small Fish.
直 Rectitude
知先行后 First Knowledge, Then Action
知行合一 Unity of Knowledge and Action
知耻而后勇 Having a Feeling of Shame Gives Rise to Courage.
政者正也 Governance Means Rectitude.
正心 Rectify One’s Heart / Mind
正名 Rectification of Names
载舟覆舟 Carry or Overturn the Boat / Make or Break
与民更始 Make a Fresh Start with the People
有容乃大 A Broad Mind Achieves Greatness.
以直报怨 Repaying a Grudge with Rectitude
以无为本 Wu Is the Origin.
一物两体 One Thing in Two Fundamental States
炎黄 The Fiery Emperor and the Yellow Emperor / Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang
言尽意 Words Can Fully Express Thought.
言不尽意 Words Cannot Fully Express Thought.
雅乐 Fine Music
循名责实 Hold Actualities According to Its Name
血气 Vitality / Vital Force
玄 Xuan (Mystery)
行先知后 First Action, Then Knowledge
心知 Mind Cognition
写意 Freehand Brushwork
小说 Fiction
象 Xiang (Semblance)
相反相成 Being both Opposite and Complementary
无欲则刚 People with No Covetous Desires Stand Upright.
温故知新 Review the Old and Learn the New
（三十二）
同归殊途 Arrive at the Same Destination via Different Routes / Rely on a Common Ontological Entity
天下兴亡,匹夫有责 Survival of a Nation Is the Responsibility of Every Individual.
天命之性 Character Endowed by Heaven
天命 Mandate of Heaven
天理 Natural Law/ Principles of Heaven
天道 Way of Heaven
太虚 Taixu (Great Void)
四海之内皆兄弟 All the People Within the Four Seas Are Brothers.
恕 Being Considerate / Forgiveness
授人以渔 Teaching How to Fish
师直为壮 Troops Will Be Powerful When Fighting a Just Cause.
诗 Shi (Poetry)
慎思明辨 Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
慎独 Shendu
三思而行 Think Carefully Before Taking Action
三才 Three Elements
三表 Three Standards
仁者爱人 A Benevolent Person Loves Others.
曲 Qu (Melody)
求放心 Search for the Lost Heart
前事不忘,后事之师 Past Experience, If Not Forgotten, Is a Guide for the Future.
气质之性 Character Endowed by Qi (Vital Force)
气骨 Qigu (Emotional Vitality and Forcefulness)
器 Qi (Vessel)
齐物 Seeing Things as Equal
飘逸 Natural Grace
否极泰来 When Worse Comes to the Worst, Things Will Turn for the Better.
内美 Inner Beauty
理一分殊 There Is But One Li (Universal Principle), Which Exists in Diverse Forms.
礼尚往来 Reciprocity as a Social Norm
（三十三）
旷达 Broad-mindedness / Unconstrained Style
空灵 Ethereal Effect
尽心 Exert One’s Heart / Mind to the Utmost
鉴古知今 Review the Past to Understand the Present
见贤思齐 When Seeing a Person of High Caliber, Strive to Be His Equal.
见闻之知 Knowledge from One’s Senses
见利思义 Think of Righteousness in the Face of Gain
寄托 Entrust One’s Thoughts and Feelings to Imagery
浩然之气 Noble Spirit
公生明,廉生威 Fairness Fosters Discernment and Integrity Creates Authority.
革故鼎新 Do Away with the Old and Set Up the New
歌 Song
刚柔相济 Combine Toughness with Softness
芙蓉出水 Lotus Rising Out of Water
风教 Moral Cultivation
风骨 Fenggu
繁缛 Overly Elaborative
多行不义必自毙 He Who Repeatedly Commits Wrongdoing Will Come to No Good End.
动静 Movement and Stillness
鼎 Ding (Vessel)
典雅 Classical Elegance
德性之知 Knowledge from One’s Moral Nature
得道多助,失道寡助 A Just Cause Enjoys Abundant Support While an Unjust Cause Finds Little Support.
道济天下 Support All People by Upholding Truth and Justice
当行 Professionalism
淡泊明志，宁静致远 Indifference to Fame and Fortune Characterizes a High Aim in Life, and Leading a Quiet Life Helps One Accomplish Something Lasting
淡泊 Quiet Living with No Worldly Desire
丹青 Painting in Colors
大用 Maximal Functioning
大体/小体 The Major Organ and the Minor Organs
（三十四）
大巧若拙 Exquisite Skill Looks Simple and Clumsy.
大道至简 Great Truth in Simple Words
错彩镂金 Gilded and Colored
词曲 Ci (Lyric) and Qu (Melody)
词 Ci (Lyric)
春秋 The Spring and Autumn Annals / The Spring and Autumn Period
诚意 Be Sincere in Thought
沉郁 Melancholy
变化 Change
白描 Plain Line Drawing
总集 General Collection / Anthology
自强不息 Strive Continuously to Strengthen Oneself
止戈为武 Stopping War Is a True Craft of War.
知行 Knowledge and Application
政治 Decree and Governance / Politics
元 Yuan (Origin)
宇宙 Universe / Cosmos
意兴 Inspirational Appreciation
意境 Aesthetic Conception
艺术 Art
养民 Nurturing the People
学 Learn
虚壹而静 Open-mindedness, Concentration, and Tranquility
形而下 What Is Under Form / The Physical
形而上 What Is Above Form / The Metaphysical
兴趣 Xingqu (Charm)
兴寄 Xingji (Association and Inner Sustenance)
小人 Petty Man
逍遥 Carefree
五经 Five Classics
（三十五）
吴越同舟 People of Wu and Yue Are in the Same Boat.
文章 Literary Writing
文学 Literature / Scholars / Education Officials
文笔 Writing and Writing Technique
温柔敦厚 Mild, Gentle, Sincere, and Broad-minded
天子 Son of Heaven
天人之分 Distinction Between Man and Heaven
天人合一 Heaven and Man Are United as One.
体 Ti
四书 Four Books
四海 Four Seas
四端 Four Initiators
斯文 Be Cultured and Refined
思 Reflecting / Thinking
实事求是 Seek Truth from Facts
诗中有画，画中有诗 Painting in Poetry, Poetry in Painting
诗史 Historical Poetry
师出有名 Fighting a War with a Moral Justification
神韵 Elegant Subtlety
神与物游 Interaction Between the Mind and the Subject Matter
上善若水 Great Virtue Is Like Water.
上帝 Supreme Ruler / Ruler of Heaven
三玄 Three Metaphysical Classics
人文 Renwen （Human Culture）
人道 Way of Man
取境 Qujing (Conceptualize an Aestheric Feeling)
乾 Qian
气象 Prevailing Features
命 Mandate / Destiny
名实 Name and Substance
（三十六）
民胞物与 All People Are My Brothers and Sisters, and All Things Are My Companions.
妙悟 Subtle Insight
礼 Li (Rites / Social Norms/ Propriety)
坤 Kun（The Earth Symbol）
开物成务 Understand Things and Succeed in One’s Endeavors
君子 Junzi (Man of Virtue)
君 Lord / Nobility / Monarch
居安思危 Be on Alert Against Potential Danger When Living in Peace
境生象外 Aesthetic Conception Transcends Concrete Objects Described.
境界 Jingjie (Visionary World)
经世致用 Study of Ancient Classics Should Meet Present Needs.
经济 To Govern and Help the People/ Economy
京（京师） Capital of a Country
解衣盘礴 Sitting with Clothes Unbuttoned and Legs Stretching Out
兼爱 Universal Love
活法 Literary Flexibility
浑沌 Chaos
会心 Heart-to-heart Communication
画龙点睛 Adding Pupils to the Eyes of a Painted Dragon / Rendering the Final Touch
画道 Dao of Painting
化工/画工 Magically Natural, Overly Crafted
化干戈为玉帛 Beat Swords into Plowshares / Turn War into Peace
厚德载物 Have Ample Virtue and Carry All Things
和而不同 Harmony but Not Uniformity
海外 Outside the Four Seas / Overseas
海内 Within the Four Seas/ Within the Country
过犹不及 Going Too Far Is as Bad as Falling Short.
国体 Guoti
国家 Family-state / Country
卦爻 Trigrams / Hexagrams and Component Lines
（三十七）
格物致知 Study Things to Acquire Knowledge
革命 Changing the Mandate / Revolution
刚柔 Toughness and Softness
干城 Shield and Fortress / Dukes and Princes
非攻 Denouncing Unjust Wars
法不阿贵 The Law Does Not Favor the Rich and Powerful.
独化 Self-driven Development
都 Capital/ Metropolis
道法自然 Dao Operates Naturally.
辞达 Expressiveness
唇亡齿寒 Once the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Feel Cold.
楚辞 Chuci (Ode of Chu)
城 Fortress / City
别集 Individual Collection
别材别趣 Distinct Subject and Artistic Taste
辨体 Style Differentiation
比德 Virtue Comparison
本色 Bense (Original Character)
八卦 Eight Trigrams
安土重迁 Attached to the Land and Unwilling to Move
隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
一 The One
选举 Select and Recommend
虚静 Void and Peace
性灵 Xingling (Inner Self)
太学 Imperial Academy
书院 Classical Academy
史才三长 Three Strengths of a Good Historian
圣 Sage / Sageness
神 Shen (Spirit / Spiritual)
（三十八）
社稷 Gods of the Earth and the Five Grains / State / State Power
民惟邦本 People Are the Foundation of the State
美刺 Extolment and Satirical Criticism
六义 The Six Basic Elements
六经皆史 The Six Confucian Classics Are All About History.
科举 The Imperial Civil Examination System
江山 Rivers and Mountains / Country or State Power
肌理 Reasoning and Structure
讽谕 Subtle Admonition
悲慨 Depressed and Enraged
信言不美，美言不信 Trustworthy Words May Not Be Fine-sounding; Fine-sounding Words May Not Be Trustworthy.
象外之象，景外之景 The Image Beyond an Image, the Scene Beyond a Scene
声一无听，物一无文 A Single Note Does Not Compose a Melodious Tune, Nor Does a Single Color Make a Beautiful Pattern.
厉与西施，道通为一 A Scabby Person and the Beautiful Lady Xishi Are the Same in the Eyes of Dao.
乐而不淫，哀而不伤 Express Enjoyment Without Indulgence and Express Grief Without Excessive Distress
不学《诗》，无以言 You Won’t Be Able to Talk Properly with Others Without Studying The Book of Songs.
有德者必有言 Virtuous People Are Sure to Produce Fine Writing.
自然英旨 Charm of Spontaneity
紫之夺朱 Purple Prevailing over Red
有教无类 Education for All Without Discrimination
修齐治平 Self-Cultivation, Family Regulation, State Governance, Bringing Peace to All Under Heaven
兴观群怨 Stimulation, Contemplation, Communication, and Criticism
协和万邦 Coexistence of All in Harmony
文以载道 Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas.
为政以德 Governance Based on Virtue
顺天应人 Follow the Mandate of Heaven and Comply with the Wishes of the People
人文化成 Edify the Populace to Achieve a Harmonious Society
利用厚生 Make Full Use of Resources to Enrich the People
怀远以德 Embrace Distant Peoples by Means of Virtue
发愤著书 Indignation Spurs One to Write Great Works
（三十九）
诗缘情 Poetry Springs from Emotions.
诗言志 Poetry Expresses Aspirations.
赋比兴 Narrative, Analogy, and Association
风雅颂 Ballad, Court Hymn, and Eulogy
宗法 Feudal Clan System
自然 Naturalness
滋味 Nuanced Flavor
中庸 Zhongyong (Golden Mean)
中华 Zhonghua
中国 Zhongguo (China)
直寻 Direct Quest
知音 Resonance and Empathy
缘起 Dependent Origination
有无 You and Wu
阴阳 Yin and Yang
意象 Yixiang (Imagery)
养气 Cultivating Qi
雅俗 Highbrow and Lowbrow
玄览 Xuanlan ( Pure-minded Contemplation )
兴象 Xingxiang (Inspiring Imagery)
五行 Wuxing
无为 Non-action
文气 Wenqi
文明 Wenming (Civilization)
王道 Kingly Way (Benevolent Governance)
天下 Tianxia (All Under Heaven)
体用 Ti and Yong
体性 Style and Temperament
太极 Taiji (The Supreme Ultimate)
神思 Imaginative Contemplation
（四十）
镕裁 Refining and Deleting
日新 Constant Renewal
人治 Rule by Man
情景 Sentiment and Scenery
良知 Liangzhi (Conscience)
良史 Trustworthy Historian / Factual History
九州 Nine Zhou (Regions)
教化 Shaping the Mind Through Education
华夏 Huaxia/ The Han People
格调 Form and Melody
封建 Feudal System / Feudalism
法治 Rule by Law
大同 Universal Harmony
般若 Prajna/Wisdom
本末 Ben and Mo (The Fundamental and the Incidental)
义 Righteousness
虚 Xu（Void）
性 Xing (Nature)
心 Heart / Mind
物 Wu (Thing / Matter)
王 King
天 Tian (Heaven)
仁 Ren (Benevolence)
趣 Qu
情 Qing
气 Qi (Vital Force)
理 Li
德 De（Virtue）
道 Dao (Way)
诚 Sincerity